KALENDAR FALAK 2012

KALENDAR FALAK 2012
Susunan : Mahruzaman Misran

JANUARI 2012

3, 4 Januari 2012
- Quadrantids Meteor Shower. The Quadrantids are an above average shower, with up to 40 meteors per hour at their peak. The shower usually peaks on January 3 & 4, but some meteors can be visible from January 1 – 5. The near first quarter moon will set shortly after midnight, leaving dark skies for what should be a good show. Best viewing will be from a dark location after midnight. Look for meteors radiating from the constellation Bootes.

9 Januari 2012 (15 Safar 1433H)
- Bulan Penuh ( Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 07:30 UTC.)

23 Januari 2012 (29 Safar 1433H)
- Rukyah Hilal RabiulAwwal
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 07:39 UTC.

FEBRUARI 2012

5 Februari (12 Rabiulawwal 1433H)
- Maulidur Rasul

8 Februari (15 RabiulAwwal 1433H)
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 21:54 UTC.

22 Februari (29 RabiulAwwal 1433H)
- Rukyah Hilal RabiulAkhir
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 22:35 UTC.

MAC 2012

3 Mac
- Mars at Opposition. The red planet will be at its closest approach to Earth and its face will be fully illuminated by the Sun. This is the best time to view and photograph Mars.

8 Mac (15 RabiulAkhir 1433H)
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 09:39 UTC.

14 Mac
- Conjunction of Venus and Jupiter. The two bright planets will be within 3 degrees of each other in the evening sky.

20 Mac
- March Equinox. The March equinox occurs at 05:14 UTC. The Sun will shine directly on the equator and there will be nearly equal amounts of day and night throughout the world. This is also the first day of spring (vernal equinox) in the northern hemisphere and the first day of fall (autumnal equinox) in the southern hemisphere.

22 Mac (29 RabiulAkhir 1433H)
- Rukyah Hilal JamadilAwwal
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 14:37 UTC.

APRIL 2012

7 April (14 JamadilAwwal 1432H)
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 19:19 UTC.

15 April
- Saturn at Opposition. The ringed planet will be at its closest approach to Earth and its face will be fully illuminated by the Sun. This is the best time to view and photograph Saturn and its moons.

21 April (29 JamadilAwwal 1432H)
- Rukyah Hilal JamadilAkhir
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 07:18 UTC.

April 21, 22
- Lyrids Meteor Shower. The Lyrids are an average shower, usually producing about 20 meteors per hour at their peak. These meteors can produce bright dust trails that last for several seconds. The shower usually peaks on April 21 & 22, although some meteors can be visible from April 16 - 25. With no moon to get in the way this year, this really should be a good show. Look for meteors radiating from the constellation of Lyra after midnight.

April 28
- Astronomy Day Part 1. Astronomy Day is an annual event intended to provide a means of interaction between the general public and various astronomy enthusiasts, groups and professionals. The theme of Astronomy Day is "Bringing Astronomy to the People," and on this day astronomy and stargazing clubs and other organizations around the world will plan special events. You can find out about special local events by contacting your local astronomy club or planetarium. You can also find more about Astronomy Day by checking the Web site for the Astronomical League.

MEI 2012

5, 6 Mei
- Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower. The Eta Aquarids are a light shower, usually producing about 10 meteors per hour at their peak. The shower's peak usually occurs on May 5 & 6, however viewing should be good on any morning from May 4 - 7. The full moon will probably ruin the show this year, washing out all but the brightest meteors with its glare. The radiant point for this shower will be in the constellation Aquarius. Best viewing is usually to the east after midnight, far from city lights.

7 Mei (15 JamadilAkhir 1432H)
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 03:35 UTC.

21 Mei (29 JamadilAkhir 1432H)
- Rukyah Hilal Rejab
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 23:47 UTC.
- Annular Solar Eclipse. The path of annularity will begin in southern China and move east through Japan, the northern Pacific Ocean, and into the western United States. A partial eclipse will be visible throughout parts of eastern Asia and most of North America.

JUN 2012

4 Jun
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 11:12 UTC.
- Partial Lunar Eclipse. The eclipse will be visible throughout most of Asia, Australia, the Pacific Ocean, and the Americas.

5, 6 Jun
- Transit of Venus Across the Sun. This extremely rare event will be entirely visible throughout most of eastern Asia, eastern Australia, and Alaska. A partial transit can be seen in progress at sunrise throughout Europe, western Asia, and eastern Africa. A partial transit can be seen in progress at sunset throughout most of North America, Central America, and western South America. The next transit will not take place until the year 2117.

Fenomena ini dalam selang 8 tahun, 121.5 tahun, 8 tahun dan 105.5 tahun. Ia terjadi berpasangan dalam tempoh 8 tahun dan dituruti dengan jarak masa 100 tahun. Sebelum ia terjadi pada lapan tahun lalu iaitu pada 8 Jun 2004 ianya telh belaku pada 6 Disember 1882. Dalam masa terdekat ini transit of venus akan berlaku pada 6 Jun 2012 dan diikuti untuk masa yang mendatang pada 11 Disember 2117. (lihat rajah di atas)

17 Jun (27 Rejab 1433)
Israk dan Mikraj

19 Jun (29 Rejab 1433H)
- Rukyah Hilal Syaaban 1433H
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 15:02 UTC.

20 Jun
- June Solstice. The June solstice occurs at 23:09 UTC. The North Pole of the earth will be tilted toward the Sun, which will have reached its northernmost position in the sky and will be directly over the Tropic of Cancer at 23.44 degrees north latitude. This is the first day of summer (summer solstice) in the northern hemisphere and the first day of winter (winter solstice) in the southern hemisphere.


JULAI 2012

3 Julai
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 18:52 UTC.

19 Julai (29 Syaaban 1433H)
- Rukyah Hilal Ramadhan 1433H
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 04:24 UTC.

21 Julai (1 Ramadhan 1433H)
- Awal Ramadhan

28, 29 Julai
- Southern Delta Aquarids Meteor Shower. The Delta Aquarids can produce about 20 meteors per hour at their peak. The shower usually peaks on July 28 & 29, but some meteors can also be seen from July 18 - August 18. The radiant point for this shower will be in the constellation Aquarius. The near first quarter moon will set shortly after midnight, leaving dark skies for what should be a good show. Best viewing is usually to the east after midnight.


OGOS 2012

2 Ogos
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 03:27 UTC.

6 Ogos (17 Ramadhan 1433H)
- Nuzul Quran
- Curiosity Rover at Mars. NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is scheduled to land on the red planet between August 6 and August 20, 2012. Officially named Curiosity, it is an autonomous rover similar to the Spirit and Opportunity rovers that previously visited Mars. This much larger rover will carry many more instruments and experiments than its previous cousins. Curiosity’s high definition color cameras will photograph the Martian surface while a host of instruments will sample the soil and air and search for organic compounds.

12, 13 Ogos
- Perseids Meteor Shower. The Perseids is one of the best meteor showers to observe, producing up to 60 meteors per hour at their peak. The shower's peak usually occurs on August 13 & 14, but you may be able to see some meteors any time from July 23 - August 22. The radiant point for this shower will be in the constellation Perseus. The near last quarter moon will be hanging around for the show, but shouldn’t bee too much of a problem for a shower with up to 60 meteors per hour. Find a location far from city lights and look to the northeast after midnight.

18 Ogos (29 Ramadhan 1433H)
- Rukyah Hilal Syawal 1433H
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 15:54 UTC.

19 Ogos (1 Syawal 1433H)
- Hari Raya Puasa / Idul Fitri

24 Ogos
- Neptune at Opposition. The blue planet will be at its closest approach to Earth and its face will be fully illuminated by the Sun. This is the best time to view Neptune. Due to its distance, it will only appear as a tiny blue dot in all but the most powerful telescopes.

31 Ogos
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 13:58 UTC. Since this is the second full moon in the same month, it is known as a blue moon. This rare calendar event only happens once every few years, giving rise to the term, “once in a blue moon.”

SEPTEMBER 2012

16 September (29 Syawal 1433H)
- Rukyah Hilal Zulkaedah 1433H
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 02:11 UTC.

22 September
- September Equinox. The September equinox occurs at 14:49 UTC. The Sun will shine directly on the equator and there will be nearly equal amounts of day and night throughout the world. This is also the first day of fall (autumnal equinox) in the northern hemisphere and the first day of spring (vernal equinox) in the southern hemisphere.

29 September
- Uranus at Opposition. The blue-green planet will be at its closest approach to Earth and its face will be fully illuminated by the Sun. This is the best time to view Uranus. Due to its distance, it will only appear as a tiny blue-green dot in all but the most powerful telescopes.

30 September
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 03:19 UTC.

OKTOBER 2012

2 Oktober
- Astronomy Day Part 2. Astronomy Day is an annual event intended to provide a means of interaction between the general public and various astronomy enthusiasts, groups and professionals. The theme of Astronomy Day is "Bringing Astronomy to the People," and on this day astronomy and stargazing clubs and other organizations around the world will plan special events. You can find out about special local events by contacting your local astronomy club or planetarium. You can also find more about Astronomy Day by checking the Web site for the Astronomical League.

15 Oktober (29 ZulKaedah 1433H)
- Rukyah Hilal Zulhijjah 1433H
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 12:02 UTC.

17 Oktober (1 Zulhijjah 1433H)
- Awal Zulhijjah 1433H

21, 22 Oktober
- Orionids Meteor Shower. The Orionids is an average shower producing about 20 meteors per hour at their peak. This shower usually peaks on the 21st, but it is highly irregular. A good show could be experienced on any morning from October 20 - 24, and some meteors may be seen any time from October 17 - 25. The first quarter moon will set by midnight, leaving a dark sky for what should be a good show. Best viewing will be to the east after midnight. Be sure to find a dark location far from city lights.

26 Oktober (10 Zulhijjah 1433H)
- Hari Raya Korban/ Idul Adha

29 Oktober
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 19:49 UTC.

NOVEMBER 2012

13 November
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 22:08 UTC.

14 November (29 Zulhijjah 1433H)
- Rukyah Hilal Muharram 1434H
- Total Solar Eclipse. The path of totality will only be visible in parts of extreme northern Australia and the southern Pacific Ocean. A partial eclipse will be visible in most parts of eastern Australia and New Zealand.
(NASA Map and Eclipse Information)

15 November (1 Muharram 1434H)

17, 18 November
- Leonids Meteor Shower. The Leonids is one of the better meteor showers to observe, producing an average of 40 meteors per hour at their peak. The shower itself has a cyclic peak year every 33 years where hundreds of meteors can be seen each hour. The last of these occurred in 2001. The shower usually peaks on November 17 & 18, but you may see some meteors from November 13 - 20. The crescent moon will set early in the evening leaving dark skies for what should be an excellent show. Look for the shower radiating from the constellation Leo after midnight, and be sure to find a dark location for viewing.

27 November
- Conjunction of Venus and Saturn. These two bright planets will be within 1 degree of each other in the morning sky. Look to the east around sunrise.

28 November

- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 14:46 UTC.
- Penumbral Lunar Eclipse. The eclipse will be visible throughout most of Europe, eastern Africa, Asia, Australia, the Pacific Ocean, and North America. (NASA Map and Eclipse Information)

DISEMBER 2012

3 Disember
- Jupiter at Opposition. The giant planet will be at its closest approach to Earth and its face will be fully illuminated by the Sun. This is the best time to view and photograph Jupiter and its moons.

13 Disember
- New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 08:42 UTC.

13, 14 Disember
- Geminids Meteor Shower. Considered by many to be the best meteor shower in the heavens, the Geminids are known for producing up to 60 multicolored meteors per hour at their peak. The peak of the shower usually occurs around December 13 & 14, although some meteors should be visible from December 6 - 19. The radiant point for this shower will be in the constellation Gemini. This year the new moon will guarantee a dark sky for what should be an awesome show. Best viewing is usually to the east after midnight from a dark location.

21 Disember
- December Solstice. The December solstice occurs at 11:12 UTC. The South Pole of the earth will be tilted toward the Sun, which will have reached its northernmost position in the sky and will be directly over the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.44 degrees south latitude. This is the first day of winter (winter solstice) in the northern hemisphere and the first day of summer (summer solstice) in the southern hemisphere.

28 Disember
- Full Moon. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 10:21 UTC.

TRANSIT OF VENUS -SEMPORNA, SABAH 6 JUNE 2012

Transit Planet Venus

Transit Of Venus terjadi bilamana Planet Venus melalui antara Bumi dan Matahari

Fenomena ini dalam selang 8 tahun, 121.5 tahun, 8 tahun dan 105.5 tahun. Ia terjadi berpasangan dalam tempoh 8 tahun dan dituruti dengan jarak masa 100 tahun. Sebelum ia terjadi pada lapan tahun lalu iaitu pada 8 Jun 2004 ianya telh belaku pada 6 Disember 1882. Dalam masa terdekat ini transit of venus akan berlaku pada 6 Jun 2012 dan diikuti untuk masa yang mendatang pada 11 Disember 2117. (lihat rajah di atas)
Daripada maklumat di atas adalah dicadangkan kesempatan masa yang ada pada 6 Jun 2012 digunakan bagi melaksanakan beberapa kajian. Adalah agak sukar kerana kita terpaksa menunggu sehingga tahun 2117 jika terlepas fenomena yang berlaku dalam tahun 2015 ini.

Kebolehnampakan Fenomena Transit Planet Venus

Gambarajah di atas menunjukkan kawasan di mana fenomena Transit of Venus dapat disaksikan dan seterusnya kajian dapat dilaksanakan. Melalui hitungan beberapa contoh bandar diambil bagi mencari lokasi yang terbaik untuk melaksanakan cerapan fenomena Transit Planet Venus. Lokasi bandar yang terpilih adalah Darwin di Australia, Semporna di Sabah, Kota Kinabalau di Sabah, Kuala Lumpur dan Kota Bahru, Kelantan.
Daripada kelima-lima lokasi tempat Bandar Semporna Baru, Sabah adalah dipilih bagi lokasi melaksanakan cerapan, rakaman dan kajian bagi fenomena ini, ianya disebabkan oleh beberapa perkara iaitu:-
i. Tempoh Fenomena berlaku agak lama iaitu bermula jam 6:13 pagi sehingga jam 12:47 tengahari (tempoh ini sangat bersesuaian untuk melaksanakan penyelidikan.
ii. Kedudukan Geografi Bandar Semporna berdekatan dengan pantai menghadap ke Timur dapat menyaksikan matahari terbit awal, jika dirujuk pada data bermulanya transit planet Venus ini kedudukan altitude bagi matahari adalah +3.8 dan maksima bagi altitude matahari semasa proses transit adalah +70.7 dan ianya masih tidak terlalu mendongak.
iii. Kos kewangan yang murah jika dibandingkan dengan kajian jika dilaksanakan di Darwin, Australia. Walaupun dari segi langit di Darwin adalah kurang dilitupi awan jika dibandingkan dengan langit di Semporna, Sabah. Tetapi masalah ini mungkin tidak timbul disebabkan oleh kekuatan pancaran cahaya matahari pada ketika itu.

Peserta Modal Insan/Kajian
Peserta kajian adalah pegawai dan kakitangan dari Bahagian Ukur dan Pemetaan, Institut Tanah dan Ukur Negara yang terlibat secara lansung dengan kursus Falak/Astronomi dan terlibat dengan aktiviti Falak/Astronomi sepanjang tempoh tahun 2009, 2010 dan 2011, dan mempunyai kepakaran dalam bidang masing-masing agar dapat menyumbangkan peranan masing-masing secara maksimum dalam kajian ini. Adalah dicadangkan dua( 4 ) orang pegawai menyertai program ini.


Faedah
Kami optimis, sekiranya kajian ini dapat dilaksanakan dengan jayanya ia mampu :
i. Meningkat nilai modal insan warga kerja INSTUN agar program latihan yang ditawarkan mempunyai nilai daya saing seterusnya mendapat permintaan dari pelanggan.
ii. Meletakkan INSTUN di dalam komuniti penggiat Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi dan seterusnya menjadikan INSTUN sebagai institusi rujukan di dalam bidang Ilmu Falak.
iii. Mendedahkan kepada peserta tentang ilmu falak dan astronomi dengan lebih tepat melalui aktiviti kajian yang akan dijalankan.
iv. Kajian ini mampu menjadi contoh dan model kepada mereka yang masih belum mengetahui tentang astronomi. Ini secara tidak langsung akan mengalakkan lagi mereka untuk menceburi dan mendapatkan maklumat

Penutup
Adalah menjadi harapan agar kajian ini dapat dijalankan dengan jayanya. Kejayaan ini mampu membantu pelbagai pihak dalam memacu kecemerlangan dalam proses mengungguli Ilmu Astronomi ini.

Disediakan Oleh:
Mahruzaman Misran
Penyelaras Program Ukur dan Pemetaan
Institut Tanah dan Ukur Negara
mahruz@instun.gov.my 019-5737731, 05-4542825 ext 3043

PROPOSAL PENYELIDIKAN GERHANA MATAHARI PENUH DI QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA 13 NOVEMBER 2012

Pengenalan

Institut Tanah dan Ukur Negara (INSTUN) sebuah instiusi latihan di bawah Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar yang menjalankan Latihan/Kursus dalam disiplin Ukur dan Pemetaan juga Perundangan Tanah yang beropersi di kampusnya di Tanjung Malim Perak. Di dalam bidang ukur dan pemetaan sains astronomi adalah di antara cabang bidang ini yang agak penting.
Melalui Seksyen Astronomi, Bahagian Ukur dan Pemetaan, Institut Tanah dan Ukur Negara, selain menyediakan kursus di dalam bidang Astronomi seksyen ini juga terlibat dengan beberapa kajian antaranya Kajian Kebolehnampakan Hilal (anak bulan) iaitu Kajian Rukyah di tanah tinggi dan kajian rukyah di Baitul Hilal di Pasir Panjang, Perak (tapak rasmi cerapan Hilal negeri Perak) juga membuat kajian bagi Astrofotografi. Bagi tahun 2011 seksyen ini terlibat secara langsung dengan 12 aktiviti berkaitan Astronomi. Aktiviti ini dilaksanakan untuk peserta program latihan yang berkursus di INSTUN, membantu Universiti Malaya dalam penyelidikan Radio Astronomi, program berkaitan dengan astronomi/falak syarie dengan IPTA/IPTS, program khidmat masyarakat untuk penduduk sekitar INSTUN, juga terlibat dengan pameran di seluruh Malaysia yang mana disamping memberi pengetahun berkenaan Astronomi juga dapat memperkenalkan INSTUN.
Gerhana matahari penuh yang merupakan salah satu daripada bidang kajian ini adalah di antara fenomena alam yang paling menakjubkan. Gerhana matahari berlaku apabila Bulan beredar melalui di antara Bumi dan Matahari. Bayang Bulan akan jatuh ke atas Bumi dan seseorang individu yang berada di dalam bayang Bulan akan melihat Matahari ditutup oleh Bulan. Cahaya Matahari hilang dan tiba-tiba waktu siang menjadi malam. Hanya pada masa gerhana matahari penuh sahaja, merupakan satu-satunya peluang bagi ahli-ahli sains dan astronomi melakukan kajian Fenomena gerhana matahari penuh jarang berlaku di Malaysia. Kali terakhir berlaku ialah pada tahun 1995 di Sabah dan yang akan datang pada tahun 2042 di Sabah dan Sarawak. Menurut fakta, gerhana matahari berlaku pada setiap tahun tetapi bukan setiap kali dapat dilihat di Malaysia. Oleh itu, kajian terhadap gerhana matahari perlu melibatkan perjalanan ke luar negara, ke kawasan di mana “bayang bulan” akan melaluinya.

Gerhana Matahari Penuh pada tahun 2012
Gerhana matahari penuh bagi tahun 2012 hanya boleh dilihat di Australia dengan kawasan utamanya di bahagian utara Australia dan Queensland.

Merujuk pada gambarajah di atas, garisan yang berwarna merah menunjukkan kawasan di mana fenomena gerhana matahari penuh dapat dilihat. Oleh itu hanya benua Australia sahaja merupakan kawasan daratan yang boleh menyaksikan kejadian Gerhana Matahari Penuh ini.

Queensland merupakan kawasan yang terbaik bagi menyaksikan Gerhana Matahari Penuh 2012. Bandar Cairns adalah kawasan yang dilitupi oleh perjalanan bayang bulan bergerak sepanjang daratan dan adalah tempat terbaik dan lebih bagi para ahli sains dan astronomi dari seluruh dunia untuk membuat cerapan dan mengambil data dengan lebih sempurna. Bandar-bandar pesisiran pantai lain yang berdekatan adalah Port Douglas, Mossman, Clifton Beach, Ayton dan Bloomfield Mission. Bandar di pendalaman pula adalah di Maitland Downs, Parmerville, Frome Outstation dan Sefton antara Bandar-bandar yang boleh menyaksikan Gerhana Matahari Penuh ini.